HGV Categories – What They Are and Which One You Need

Thinking about a job behind a big truck? The first thing you need to sort out is the HGV category that matches the vehicle you’ll drive. In the UK the categories are simple, but they affect everything from the licence you apply for to the type of cargo you can haul.

Understanding the Main HGV Classes

There are three core categories for heavy goods vehicles. Category C covers trucks over 3.5 tonnes with a trailer that is not heavier than the truck. Category C1 is for smaller trucks between 3.5 and 7.5 tonnes, also with a light trailer. Category C+E adds a heavy trailer, letting you pull combinations that can weigh up to 44 tonnes.

Most new drivers start with a Class 2 licence – that’s the standard “C” licence. It lets you drive most lorries you’ll see on the road today. If you want to operate a mini‑truck for local deliveries, a Class 1 (C1) licence is enough and usually cheaper to get.

When you need to haul big freight, containers, or long‑distance loads, you’ll need the Class 3 (C+E) licence. That one unlocks the biggest rigs and the highest pay rates, but it also requires extra training and a more thorough medical check.

How to Pick the Right Category for You

Ask yourself three quick questions: What size trucks do you want to drive? How far do you plan to travel? And what kind of load will you carry? If you’re aiming for local routes with vans or small trucks, start with C1. For regional routes and bigger lorries, go with C.

Big haul jobs need C+E, but remember the extra test. It involves a coupling and uncoupling exercise and a longer road test. Many drivers take it after a year or two on a standard C licence, when they’re comfortable with the basics.

Don’t forget the medical side. All HGV licences require a doctor's health check, but the C+E check looks at eyesight, hearing, and overall fitness more closely. Keep your health records ready and be honest about any conditions.

Training costs vary. A C1 course might cost a few hundred pounds, while a full C+E programme can run into the thousands. Look for approved training centres that offer flexible payment plans – many schools partner with employers to cover part of the fee.

Job hunting is easier when you know your category. Recruiters often filter candidates by licence class, so having the right one on your CV can land you an interview faster. Mention the exact category (C, C1, or C+E) and any extra endorsements you hold.

Finally, keep your licence up to date. If you change jobs or want to move into a different truck size, you may need to add a new category. The DVSA makes it straightforward – just book the relevant test and update your paperwork.

Understanding HGV categories is the first step to a successful driving career. Pick the right class, get the proper training, and you’ll be on the road with confidence and higher earning potential.