Defensive Driving for HGV Drivers: Practical Tips to Keep You Safe

If you spend most of your day behind the wheel of a heavy goods vehicle, defensive driving isn’t just a buzzword – it’s a daily habit. It means watching the road, anticipating what others might do, and reacting in a way that avoids accidents. Below are simple, proven steps you can start using right now.

Know Your Vehicle and Its Limits

Large trucks handle differently from cars. They need more distance to stop, and blind spots are bigger. Before you set off, check tyre pressure, brakes and load security. A well‑maintained truck reacts predictably when you need to brake or steer away from danger.

When you load your trailer, spread the weight evenly. An uneven load shifts the centre of gravity and can make the truck tip in tight corners. Double‑check that cargo is strapped down so it won’t move if you need to brake hard.

Stay Alert and Anticipate Others

Defensive driving starts with eyes on the road and mind on the future. Scan ahead at least 15 seconds – that’s roughly the distance you travel at 50 mph in that time. Look for brake lights, pedestrians near crossings, and slow‑moving vehicles that could cause a pile‑up.

Use your mirrors frequently, not just when changing lanes. Check the left‑hand mirror for traffic merging onto the motorway and the right‑hand mirror for cyclists who often ride close to the curb. If something feels off, give yourself extra space.

Speed is your biggest enemy. Stick to the posted limits and adjust for weather, traffic and road conditions. A few extra seconds of stopping distance can be the difference between a close call and a crash.

Plan Your Route and Take Breaks

Know the roads you’ll travel before you leave the depot. Look for rest areas, weigh stations and places where you can pull over safely if you feel tired. Fatigue is a silent danger for HGV drivers – a short break every two hours can keep your reaction time sharp.

If you’re driving at night, keep your headlights clean and use high‑beam only when there’s no on‑coming traffic. Nighttime glare can hide obstacles, so reduce speed and stay extra cautious.

Communicate Clearly

Signals are your language on the road. Use your turn indicators well before changing lanes, and flash your headlights to warn other drivers of hazards such as sudden stops or road works. A quick wave can also let a fellow driver know you’re giving way.

When you’re stuck behind a slower vehicle, don’t tailgate. Keep a safe gap and consider using the overtaking lane only when it’s legal and safe. Patience prevents aggressive driving, which is a major cause of accidents.

Practice Regularly

Even experienced drivers benefit from a refresh. Take a short defensive‑driving course or watch a video that shows real‑life scenarios. Practicing emergency braking in a safe area can build confidence in how your truck stops at the last moment.

Remember, every mile you drive is an opportunity to protect yourself, your cargo and other road users. By mastering these defensive‑driving habits, you become a safer HGV driver and set a good example for the whole industry.